Highlights:

Featured Publications

1. Huang, H., Bai, J., Zhang, S.* et al., Nature Materials, in revision, 2025.
2. Huang, H., Chen, X., Bai, J., Liu, D., Lüssem, B., Malliaras, G., Zhang, S.*, The rise of hydrogel transistors. Nature Reviews Electrical Engineering, 2025.
3. Liu, D., Tian, X., Bai, J., Wang, Y., Cui, B., Dai, S., Lin, W., Shen, Z., Lai, C., Malliaras, G. & Zhang, S.*, Increasing the dimensionality of transistors with hydrogels. Science, 2025, Cover.
4. Liu, D., Tian, X., Bai J., Wang, S., Dai, S., Wang, Y., Wang, Z.*, Zhang, S.*, A wearable in-sensor computing platform based on stretchable organic electrochemical transistors. Nature Electronics, 2024.
5. Bai, J., Liu, D., Tian, X., Wang, Y., Cui, B., Yang, Y., Dai, S., Lin, W., Zhu, J., Xu, A., Gu, Z., and Zhang, S.* Coin-sized, fully integrated, and minimally invasive continuous glucose monitoring system based on organic electrochemical transistors. Science Advances, 2024.
6. Hu, D., Giorgio-Serchi, F., Zhang, S. & Yang, Y. et al. Stretchable e-skin and transformer enable high-resolution morphological reconstruction for soft robots. Nature Machine Intelligence, 2023.
7. Zhang, S.*, Chen, Y., Liu, H., Khademhosseini, A.* et al. Room‐Temperature‐Formed PEDOT: PSS Hydrogels Enable Injectable, Soft, and Healable Organic Bioelectronics. Advanced Materials, 2019, Cover.
8. Zhang, S. and Cicoira, F.*, Flexible self-powered biosensors. Nature, 2018.

Publications

45. Tian, X., Zhang, S.* et al. Nature Electronics, in review, 2025.
46. Dai, S., Cui, B., Zhang, S.* et al. Science Advances, in review, 2025.
47. He, X., Huang, W., Lin, W., Cui, B., Tian, X., Bai, J., Liu, D., Pang, I., Huang, H., Lin, S., Zhu, J., Wang, J., Zhang, S.*, A Wearable, Dual Closed-loop Insulin Delivery System for Precision Diabetes Management. Advanced Materials, in press, 2025.
48. Huang, H., Bai, J., Zhang, S.* et al. Nature Materials, in revision, 2025.
49. Huang, H., Chen, X., Bai, J., Liu, D., Lüssem, B., Malliaras, G. & Zhang, S.*, The rise of hydrogel transistors. Nature Reviews Electrical Engineering, 2025.
    • Spotlight: Hydrogel Transistors: A New Era in Electronics
    • Spotlight: Hydrogel Transistors and Circuits
50. Liu, D., Tian, X., Bai, J., Wang, Y., Cui, B., Dai, S., Lin, W., Shen, Z., Lai, C., Malliaras, G. & Zhang, S.*, Increasing the dimensionality of transistors with hydrogels. Science, 2025, Cover.
    • Science Magazine social media: X/facebook/LinkedIn
    • Science Magazine ScienceAdviser: Squishy transistors
    • Science Magazine WeChat Official Account: 解决百年难题，3D半导体问世！香港大学WISE团队最新成果登上《Science》封面
    • HKU social media: X/facebook/LinkedIn/WeChat Official Account
    • HKU EEE official website: Prof. Shiming ZHANG’s Breakthrough in 3D Semiconductors Featured on the Cover of Science Magazine
51. Tian, X., Bai, J., Liu, D., Zhang, S.*, A fully-integrated flexible in-sensor computing circuit based on gel-gated organic electrochemical transistors. npj Flexible Electronics, 2025, (invited submission).
    • Spotlight: Flexible In-Sensor Computing with Gel-Gated Transistors
52. Huang, W., Fan, N., Wang, W., Wang, J., Qi, X., Zhang, S.*,Improving Long-Term Glucose Prediction Accuracy with Uncertainty-Estimate ProbSparse-Transformer. Advanced Intelligent Systems, 2025.
53. Huang, W., Pang, I., Bai, J., Cui, B., Qi, X., Zhang, S.*, Artificial Intelligence-Enhanced, Closed-Loop Wearable Systems Toward Next-Generation Diabetes Management. Advanced Intelligent Systems, 2024.
54. Dai, S., Zhang, X., Liu, X., Tian, X., Cui, B., Pang, I., Luo, H., Liu, D., He, X., Chen, X., Zhang, J., Wang, Z., Huang, J.*, Zhang, S.*,Vertical-structure Overcomes the Strain Limit of Stretchable Organic Electrochemical Transistors. Advanced Materials, 2024.
    • Spotlight: Vertical transistor design enables stretchy bioelectronic devices to better interface with human tissue
55. Wang, Y., Liu, D., Bai J., Tian, X., Lai, P. T., Zhang, S.* Stretchable, enhancement-mode PEDOT:PSS organic electrochemical transistors. Applied Physics Letters, 2024.
56. Liu, D., Tian, X., Bai J., Wang, S., Dai, S., Wang, Y., Wang, Z.*, Zhang, S.* A wearable in-sensor computing platform based on stretchable organic electrochemical transistors. Nature Electronics, 2024.
    • Croucher News: Stretchable electronics for health monitoring
    • Highlighted by HKU HKUEng
    • Tech Xplore Editors feature: Stretchable transistors used in wearable devices enable in-sensor edge computing
    • Mirage News: Soft Microelectronics Power Wearable AI in Health Tech
    • Science Daily: Soft microelectronics technologies enabling wearable AI for digital health
57. He, X., Liu, D., Cui, B., Huang, H., Dai, S., Pang, I., Qiao, Y., Xu, T., and Zhang, S.* Extreme Hydrogel Bioelectronics. Advanced Functional Materials, 2024.
58. Li, Z., Lu, J., Ji, T., Xue, Y., Zhao, L., Zhao, K., Jia B., Wang B., Wang J., Zhang, S.* and Jiang, Z. Self‐Healing Hydrogel Bioelectronics. Advanced Materials, 2024.
59. Bai, J., Liu, D., Tian, X., Wang, Y., Cui, B., Yang, Y., Dai, S., Lin, W., Zhu, J., Xu, A., Gu, Z., and Zhang, S.* Coin-sized, fully integrated, and minimally invasive continuous glucose monitoring system based on organic electrochemical transistors, Science Advances, 2024.
    • Croucher News: Researchers develop an easier-to-wear glucose monitoring system for diabetics
    • Highlighted by HKU HKUEng.
    • Mobihealth News: ‘Coin-sized’ version of Dexcom G6 sensor developed in China.
    • Health Medicine Network: Team Develops Next-Generation Wearable Continuous Glucose Monitoring System for Diabetes Management
    • Mirage News: New Wearable Glucose Monitor Developed for Diabetes
60. Hu, D., Giorgio-Serchi, F., Zhang, S. & Yang, Y. Stretchable e-skin and transformer enable high-resolution morphological reconstruction for soft robots. Nature Machine Intelligence, 2023.
61. Bai, J., Liu, D., Tian, X. and Zhang, S. Tissue-like organic electrochemical transistors. Journal of Materials Chemistry C, Emerging Investigator, 2022, (invited submission).
62. Liu D, Tian X, Bai J, Wang Y, Cheng Y, Ning Wang, Chan PKL, Wu K, Sun J, Zhang, S*. Intrinsically Stretchable Organic Electrochemical Transistors with Rigid-Device-Benchmarkable Performance. Advanced Science, Rising Star Series, 2022, (invited submission), Cover.
63. Tian X, Liu D, Bai J, Chan KS, Ip LC, Chan PKL, Zhang, S.* et al. Pushing OECTs toward Wearable: Development of a Miniaturized Analytical Control Unit for Wireless Device Characterization. Analytical Chemistry, 2022, Cover.
    • MRS 2021 Fall Best Presentation Award
    • IEEE 2021 EMB Project Competition Award
    • Innovation Academy InnoShow Award  [2021]  [2022]
    • HKAES University Pitch Competition Winner 2022
    • Highlighted by ACS Sensors,HKU Enginnering News, ACS China
    • Highlighted by HKU: Homepage/Linkedin/Twitter/Facebook
    • Reported by 中國科協（科技導報），美國科學促進會AAAS，美国化学会，英國Physics. Org，中國新聞網，香港創新科技及工業局，廣東省政府，新浪，搜狐，香港大公報，香港文匯報, Engineer, HospiMedica, MorningNews, BioSpectrum 等數十家政府，科技，以及學術媒體。
    • Commercialized by SESIC Ltd.

Before HKU

26. Liu. H., Zhang, S.*, Khademhosseini, A.*, Harnessing the wide-range strain sensitivity of bilayered PEDOT:PSS films for wearable health monitoring, Matter, 2021.
27. Wang. X., Zhang, S.*, Khademhosseini, A.*, A Sub-1-V, Microwatt Power-Consumption Iontronic Pressure Sensor Based on Organic Electrochemical Transistors, IEEE Electron Device Letters, 2020.
28. Li, Z., Zhang, S.*, Jiang, Z., Khademhosseini, A.*, et al., Gelatin methacryloyl-based tactile sensors for medical wearables, Advanced Functional Materials, 2020, Cover.
29.  Li. Y., Li, X., Zhang, S., Cicoira., F., et al., Autonomic Self‐Healing of PEDOT: PSS Achieved Via Polyethylene Glycol Addition, Advanced Functional Materials, 2020.
30. Chen, Y., Zhang, S.*, Khademhosseini, A.*, Microengineered poly(HEMA) hydrogels for wearable contact lens biosensing, Lab on a Chip, 2020.
31. Zhang, S.*+, Chen, Y.+, Liu, H.+, Wang, Z., Ling, H., Wang, C., Ni, J., Çelebi‐Saltik, B., Wang, X., Meng, X., Kim, H.J., Baidya, A., Ahadian, S., Ashammakhi, N., Dokmeci, M., Travas‐Sejdic, J., Khademhosseini, A.*, Room‐Temperature‐Formed PEDOT: PSS Hydrogels Enable Injectable, Soft, and Healable Organic Bioelectronics, Advanced Materials, 2019, Cover.
32. Zhang, S.*+, Ling, H.+, Chen, Y., Cui, Q., Ni, J., Wang, X., Hartel, M.C., Meng, X., Lee, K., Lee, J. and Sun, W., Lin, H., Emaminejad, S., Ahadian, S., Ashammakhi, N., Dokmeci, M., Khademhosseini, A.*, Hydrogel‐Enabled Transfer‐Printing of Conducting Polymer Films for Soft Organic Bioelectronics. Advanced Functional Materials, 2019, Cover.
33. Li, Y., Zhang, S., Li, X., Unnava, V.R.N. and Cicoira, F.*, Highly stretchable polystyrene sulfonate organic electrochemical transistors achieved via polyethylene glycol addition. Flexible and Printed Electronics, 2019.
34. Silva, G.V.D.O., Subramanian, A., Meng, X., Zhang, S., Barbosa, M.S., Baloukas, B., Chartrand, D., Gonzáles, J.C., Orlandi, M.O., Soavi, F., Cicoira, F., Santato, C.*, Tungsten oxide ion-gated phototransistors using ionic liquid and aqueous gating media, Journal of Physics D: Applied Physics, 2019.
35. Zhang, S.*, Li, Y., Tomasello, G., Anthonisen, M., Li, X., Mazzeo, M., Genco, A., Grutter, P. and Cicoira, F.*, Tuning the electromechanical properties of PEDOT: PSS films for stretchable transistors and pressure sensors, Advanced Electronic Materials, 2019.
36. Sun, W., Lee, J., Zhang, S., Benyshek, C., Dokmeci, M.R. and Khademhosseini, A.*, Engineering precision medicine, Advanced Science, 2019.
37. Zhang, S. and Cicoira, F.*, Flexible self-powered biosensors. Nature, 2018.
38. Zhang, S. and Cicoira, F.*, Water‐Enabled Healing of Conducting Polymer Films. Advanced Materials, 2017, Cover.
39. Boubée de Gramont, F., Zhang, S., Tomasello, G., Kumar, P., Sarkissian, A. and Cicoira, F.*, Highly stretchable electrospun conducting polymer nanofibers. Applied Physics Letters, 2017.
40. Zhang, S., Hubis, E., Tomasello, G., Soliveri, G., Kumar, P. and Cicoira, F.*, Patterning of stretchable organic electrochemical transistors. Chemistry of Materials, 2017.
41. Zhang, S., Hubis, E., Girard, C., Kumar, P., DeFranco, J. and Cicoira, F.*, Water stability and orthogonal patterning of flexible micro-electrochemical transistors on plastic, Journal of Materials Chemistry C, 2016.
42. Mu, Y., Zhang, S.*, Yue, S., Wu, Q. and Zhao, Y.*, High efficiency yellow organic light-emitting diodes with optimized barrier layers, Solid-State Electronics, 2015.
43. Kumar, P., Yi, Z., Zhang, S., Sekar, A., Soavi, F. and Cicoira, F.*, Effect of channel thickness, electrolyte ions, and dissolved oxygen on the performance of organic electrochemical transistors, Applied Physics Letters, 2015.
44. Zhang, S., Kumar, P., Nouas, A.S., Fontaine, L., Tang, H. and Cicoira, F.*, Solvent-induced changes in PEDOT: PSS films for organic electrochemical transistors. Applied Physics Letters, 2015. (Invited submission).
45. Yan, P., Liu, Z., Zhang, S., Liu, D., Wang, X., Yue, S. and Zhao, Y.*, Observation of hole injection boost via two parallel paths in Pentacene thin-film transistors by employing Pentacene: 4, 4 ″-tris (3-methylphenylphenylamino) triphenylamine: MoO3 buffer layer. Applied Physics Letters, 2015.
46. Yue, S., Guo, R., Wu, Y., Yan, P., Zhang, S., Zhang, Z., Qu, D. and Zhao, Y.*, Optical simulation and optimization of weak-microcavity tandem white organic light-emitting diodes. Journal of Applied Physics, 2014.
47. Wu, Q.+, Zhang, S.+, Yue, S., Zhang, Z., Xie, G., Zhao, Y.* and Liu, S., Enhanced efficiency in single-host white organic light-emitting diode by triplet exciton conversion. Journal of luminescence, 2013.
48. Yue, S., Zhang, S., Zhang, Z., Wu, Y., Wang, P., Guo, R., Chen, Y., Qu, D., Wu, Q., Zhao, Y.* and Liu, S., Improved power efficiency of blue fluorescent organic light-emitting diode with intermixed host structure. Journal of luminescence, 2013.
49. Zhang, S.*, Yue, S., Wu, Q., Zhang, Z., Chen, Y., Wang, X., Liu, Z., Xie, G., Xue, Q., Qu, D. and Zhao, Y.*, Color stable multilayer all-phosphor white organic light-emitting diodes with excellent color quality. Organic Electronics, 2013.
50. Wang, X.+, Zhang, S.+, Liu, Z., Yue, S., Zhang, Z., Chen, Y., Xie, G., Xue, Q., Zhao, Y.+ and Liu, S., Hybrid white organic light-emitting diodes with improved color stability and negligible efficiency roll-off based on blue fluorescence and yellow phosphorescence. Journal of luminescence, 2013.
51. Zhang, S., Xie, G., Xue, Q., Zhang, Z., Zhao, L., Luo, Y., Yue, S., Zhao, Y.* and Liu, S., All fluorescent and high color rendering index white organic light-emitting devices with improved color stability at high brightness. Thin Solid Films, 2012.